Comprehensive List of Archaic Pre-Finnic Lexemes Preserved in Finnish
����� attested beyond Saami-Fennic or phonologically of equal age (pronouns and particles are excluded)
PAGE PROVISIONALLY FINISHED (the distribution of the etyma are compiled from scientifically non-uniform sources and subject to updates)
�Last updated 2008-04-19
ABBREVIATIONS USED ON THIS SITE BACK TO INTRO
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See also: RELATED WORDS IN FINNISH AND HUNGARIAN, Glossary by Johanna Laakso
Finnish Meaning Rank on list of Swadesh Pre-Finnic < PFU < PU (all forms are reconstructed stems unmarked with *xxx- ) Entry in Uralisches Etymologisches W�rterbuch under.. Borrowing Saami Mordv. Chere-miss = Mari Permic Obugric Hung-arian Samo-yed
ahta-a hang out/up to dry, set a trap, net akta < �kta < �kt� akta x x x x x
aja-a drive (ride, travel, chase) aja < �j� aja < PIA *aja- x x ?
ala under(-neath); area; domain �la < �l� < �l� ala cf. turkish, altaic, korean x x x x x x x
amp-u-a shoot +strike, sting ampa amp3 x ?
an-oppi mother-in-law �ńa < �ń� < �ń� an3 (-pp3) x ? ? x
anta-a give 19 �mta < �mt� amta- x x x x x
appi father-in-law �ppi < �ppi < �pp� appe x ? x x ?
arv-o value arva < �rw� arwa < PIA *argh�- ? x
ase-a, ase-ma set/put up, mount; position, station aśi < �śi aśe x x ? ?
aske-l step aśki-li < �śki-li / �śk�-li aśke-, aćke-(-l3) x x x x x
ava-a open �ŋa < �ŋ�� aŋa x ? x ?
eh-ti-� have time to; catch (in time) e�-ti e�te < PreBlt/Slv *ieh1hgw- > Lith. jėgiù, jė̃gti 'be able, strong' ~ Latvian jẽgt 'grasp, understand' x x x
el�-� live 26 el� < el� < el� el� x x x ? x x
em� she parent; main, large, mother- 26 em� < em� < em� em� x ? x x
en� large, multitude 108 en� < en� / in� en� x x x x
esi, ete- fore-, in front, ahead edi < edi� ede x x
haapa ? (irreg.) aspen �apa ? (irregular corresp.) �apa x x
hapsi (Finnic alone irregular) hair 48 �pti < �pti < �pt� apte x x x x
hiha sleeve i�a�� i�a x x
hii-ri mouse �iŋi-ri < �iŋi-ri� �iŋe-re ? x x x x
hi-o-a grind (polish) 103 �iŋa�� �iŋa x x x
huhma-r mortar (agr.) �uma-ri�� �uma-re x x
hui quill, bobbin �oje�� �uje, �oje x x
hupa diminishing; nice čupa < cup�� čupa x x
hyypi-� great horned owl; crank, oddball �pi < �pi� (j)ip3 x x
h�hn� multihued woodpecker ś�śn��� ś�čn�, ��ćn� x x x
ihme miracle, wonder im-e�� ? < PIE *ǵnh3-mV- x
ie-n / ike-ne- gums ikini < i/eki/�ni� ike-ńe ? x x
ik� age ik� < ik�� jik� < Blt/Slv *iēgā- > Lith. -jėgà 'force, ability' ~ Latvian jẽga 'sense' x x x x
ilma air ilma < ilm�� ilma x x x
ime-� suck 49 imi < imi < imi ime- ? ? x x x
inhi-m-illinen human (> ihminen 'human being') in�i- - < PIE *ģnh1-e/o-�� or��� *ģnh1-ie/o-
is� father 54 iś� < iś�� ić� x ? ? x ? ?
itse self iići / ići < (i)iśi / (i)ići� iće, iśe x x x x x ?
jaka-a divide, distribute 161 j�ka�� jaka x ? x ?
jaksa-a be capable, have enough strength to, manage, cope j�ksa�� jaksa, joksa ? ? x
jalka foot, leg 46 j�lka < j�lk�� jalka x x x ? x
jauha-a grind, mill, mince jaŋ�a / j�ŋ�a�� jaŋ�a x x
joki river 153 juki / joki < juk�� joke x x x x x ?
jousi bow joŋsi < joŋsi < j�ŋs� joŋ(k)s3 x x x x x x
juma-la god juma- juma < PIA *diumān- *diumna- x x
juo-da drink 26 juxi < juxi / j�xi jughe (juke) < PIA *ǵuǵh(e)u- x x x x ?
juuri root 47 juri jure x
jyv� grain, seed 50 j�v�� ? <PreBaltic=Pre-I-Ir *ieuo- x x
j�lki trace, mark; after- jelk� < jelk�� j�lke x x
j�m�-ht��, j�me-� stiffen, stop still; rigid, stiff j�m� x x
j�nk� swamp, mire j�ŋk� < j�ŋk�� j�ŋk� x x x
j�nne, j�nte- sinew, string j�nti < j�nti < j�nti j�nte x x x x
j�rvi lake 121 j�vri j�rw� < Blt./Slv. or Baltic *jaura- x x x
j�se-n limb, member j�si < j�si ? x x x ? ?
j�-tt�� leave, release, dismiss j�xi- (+ derivational suffix -tt��) - < Early PI-A *ǵeǵhē-
j�y-t�� gnaw jev-t� - < Early Blt/Slv *ǵieu-ie-
j�� ice 135 j�ŋi < j�ŋi� j�ŋe x x x x x x
j��h-ty� (get) cool� j�k�- < j�k�- j�k�3 x x x x
kaha basket, container kača < kača kača ? ? x ?
kah-d-eksan eight (numeral 8) ? kakt(-i-)teksa-n < PIr *detsa- prefixed by kakti� '2'� (cf. kaksi) x x x
kaiva-a dig 111 kajva- / ?kojva- ? x x x
kaj-o dawn, shimmer 18 kaja < k�j� ? x x x ?
kaksi two (numeral 2) 1 kakta < kekt� < kekt� kakta ~k�kt� x x x x x x x
kala fish 74 kala < k�l� < k�l� kala x x x x x x
kal-in sort of fishnet kalama < k�l�w� kal3 x x x ?
kal-ja (weak) bear kali-ja / kali-ta - < PIE *h2eleuio / *h2el-u-(t)
kalki hair, down; straw 148 kalki kalke x x
kalma death; deceased kal-ma < ? < kax-l- kalma x x ?
kalvas, kalp- pale kalp- - < PIE *h2elbho-
kama-ra hard surface, pigskin, shell 126 kama < k�m�� kama x x ? x
kansa people 81 kansa kansa < Gmc. *χansō- x x x
kansi lid komta�� komta x x x x
kanta-a carry kan-ta < k�n-t� < k�n� kanta x x x ? x
kant-o stump k�nta < k�nt�� kanta x x x
kasa sharp point, edge kaća - < PIE *h2ecieh2-
kaski burnt-over clearing 128 kaski / kaśki - < PIE/PreGmc. *h2esg-
kasvaa to grow kasva- ? < PIE *h2eugs- (with metathesis) x
kat-o-aa disappear kaďa < k�ď� < k�ď� kaďa x x x x x x x
kauka far away; long (only in toponyms) 99 kavka < k�wk�(?) kawka x x
kehr� distaff, trundle, disc ke(t)�tr� kečr� < Pre-I-Ir *ketstro- x x ? ??
keh� circle, periphery kečč��� keć� x x x ? ?
keri bark, shell 86 keri < keri /ker�� kere x x x ? x x
keri ring, perimeter keri < keri kere ? x ? x
ker-o maw, throat ker- ker3 x ?
kerta time (occasion), turn, once; layer kert�- kerta < Baltic *kerdā or PreGmc *kerdhā > *χerđā� x x
ker� clew ker� < ker�� ker� x ?
kesi thin skin, foil keďi? keďe? or? < *kenti <= IE *skento > PN *skin�a 'skin'� x x ?
keski center, central keski keske x x ?
kes� summer kes� kes� < PIE *h1es-en- x x
kieli tongue 14 keeli < keeli < k�xli kele ? x x ? x
kire-� tight kir- kir3 x x ?
kir-o-ta damn, put a spell; swear kira < kir�� x ?
kisk-o-a pull, tear off, pluck kiśka�� x ? x ?
kitke-� tear up, weed kički (-a) kička (-e) ? x
kit-u-a languish, pine kiči < kici / keci� kič3 ? ?
kivi stone 140 kivi < kiwi� kiwe x x x x x
koi moth koji koje x ? ? ?
koi-ttaa dawn, dawning koji < koji� koje x x ?
koi-ra-s male 60 koji < koji� koj(e)-ra x x x x ?
koiv-u birch kojvV < kojwV < koxj� kojwa ? x x x ? x
koke-a perceive, sense koki- < ? < ?kVx�- koke < PIE *h3eq-ie/o x ?
kolm-as third kolm-anti x x
kolme three 1 kolmi < kolmi� kolme (kulme) x x x x x x
kone machine; magical cure; trick, cunning; strange kon-e� < PreGmc *gn(H)io- after kentumization
korta-ta scorche, burn; entreat etc. korta korta < ie? x x x
korva ear 34 kov-ra < k�wi < k�w� ? x
koske-a touch koski koske x ?? ?
koski rapids kośki < kośki < kośk� kośke x x x x x
koti, kota dwelling, home, house kota < kot�� kota cf. iranian, turkish, altaic, ainu x x x x x x
kotka eagle kočka�� kočka x x x x
kulke-a go, wander, move 186 kulki < kulki� kulke- ie<*kwelH-e/o- x x x x x ?
kulma eyebrow; edge, angle kulma�� ? x ? ?
kulta-a grope (in liquids), fish out kulta < kult�� kulta x ? ?
kul-u-a be consumed, lapse, expire kuli < kuli� kul3 x x x ?
kuma-ra bent, bowed kuma-ra (see kum-o) kuma x x ?
kum-o vault, hood; overturn, topple kuma < kum� < kum� kuma cf. yukagir, altaic, mant�u, tung, burj; IE x x x x x x ?
kumm-u-ta, kump- well, gush, surge; stem; foam kompa < komp� < komp� kumpa ? x x x x x
kum-uri small cloud, shower kuma < kum�l�� kum3 x x x x x
kunta community, cong-regation, society kunta < kunt�� kunta x ? x x
kuol-la die 23 kooli < kooli < k�x-li kola- x x x x x x
kuori casing, shell koore < kora ? x ? ? ?
kura-s 'veitsi' striking weapon, knife kura < kur� < kur� kur3 ie? x x
kusi piss, urine kunśi < kunśi < kunś� kuńće~kuće x x x x x x
kusi-ainen ant kunśi- < kunśi- kuńće~*kuće x ? x
kute-a spawn kuďi < kuďi� kuďe x x x
kut-o-a knit, weave kuda�� kuda < h2udheh2-ie/o- x x x x
kuts-u-a call kući kuć3 < PreGmc *gwet-i or Blt/Slv *kuaiti- x ?
kuu month (moon) x kuxi / kuŋi < kuxi < k�x� kuŋe ? x x x x
kuu grease, tallow, fat 181 kuji < kuji� kuje x x x x
kuul-la hear 65 kuuli < kuuli� kule- x x x x x ?
kuunne-l-la, kuunte-le- listen kunta < kunt�� ? x x x x
kuusa-ma honeysuckle, woodbine, spindletree kusa kusa x x
kuusi spruce fir koosi < koosi < k�xs� kuse, kose x x x x x x
kuusi six '6' ku/uutt/ti < ku/o/uutt/ti� kutte x x x x x x
kylm� cold 159 k�lm� / k�lmi kilm�, k�lm� < Balt.*gel-u-m� or PreBlt/Slv *gwel(h1)-mo- x x x x
kynsi nail k�nči < k�nci� kinče (k�nče) x x x x x ?
kyps� ripe ? k�pti- / kepti- kipśe (-�) < Balt. *kep-t� or PreBlt/Slv *kwep-t� x x ?
kys-y-� ask k�śi k�śe x x
kyte-� smoulder, smold k�či < k�ci� kiče ? x
kytke-� connect, tie up, attach k�tki < k�tki� kitke x ? ?
kyy (common) viper, adder 121 k�ji < k�ji� kije (k�je) x ? x x ?
kyyne-l tear k�ńili < k�ńili < kuŋ�l� kińe(-l3), k�ńe(-l3) x x x x
kyyn�-r(�) forearm; cubit, ell; elbow k�ń�r� < k�ń�r�� kiń� (k�ń�) x x x x x x
k�l-y sister of spouse, wife of brother k�l�w < k�l�w < k�l�w ???? cf. ie *glō x x x x x
k�rki black woodpecker k�rki k�rke x x ?
k�rsi-� suffer, endure k�rti k�rte < Pre-Gmc *kart-i-������������� >� *χar�ia-� x x x
k�si hand 91 k�ti < k�ti� k�te x x x x x x
k�ysi, k�yt- rope 190 kevdi / k�vdi < k�wdi� x x x x
lansi lowland, low *lonta/*lomta� (*/l�mti-/ */l�nti/)? <PIE/PreGmc. *londho-/lomdho- ? ? ? x ?
lehti leaf, sheet 115 le�ti le�te < PIE/PreG *bhl(e)h1-t������� or < Baltic *lak�tas x x
lie- may be, may become le- le- x ? x x x
liemi broth, soup leemi < leemi� leme x x x x x x
lis� increse,� more lis� lis� x x
loma gap, chink, inter-mediate space/ time, interval loma loma < baltic x x ?
luke-a count, read 177 luki / luka < luki� luke- cf. certainly false comparison IE leg-/log- x x x x x ?
lumi snow 45 lumi < lumi < lom� ? x x x ? x
lum-o-ta bewitch, enchant, conjure luma luma < gmc? x ? x
luo-da create, shed, moult, cast, shovel loŋe loŋe x ? x ? ? ?
lupp-o beard lichen (hanging moss) luppa luppa x x
luu bone 68 luxi < luxi < l�x� luwe x x x x x
lyk�-t�, lykk�- poke, push, postpone l�kk� < l�kk�� likk� x x
ly�-d� beat, hit, strike 192 lexi < lexi� lewe- x x x x
l�hte-� leave (depart), go away l�kti�� l�kte x ? x x ?
l�yl-y sauna steambath; (eston.) spirit, life levli < lewli� lewl3 ? x x x
maa earth, land, soil 92 m�xi < m�xi� mage ? x x x ?
mahda-ta, mahta- may, should; boast, be mighty ma�-ta ma�ta <= Early Gmc *magan x x
maja-va beaver majaka�� maja x x x
maksa liver 135 m�ksa < m�ks� < m�ks� maksa x x x x x x x
maksa-a pay ? maksa < m�ks�- ? < PIr *ma(n)dza x x
marja berry marja < m�rj�� ?marja? x x x x
marra-s bound to die, dead, etc. ? marta-s <= PI-Ir *mrt�-s
mehi-l�inen (honey)bee mek�i < mek�i� mek�e <= Early PI-Ir mek�i- x x x x
mela paddle mel� mel� x x x
men-n�, mene- go meni < meni < meni mene x x x x x x
mesi, mete- honey meti < meti� mete <= Early PI-Ir *medhu x ? x x
mieli mind 172 meeli�� mele (meele) x x x
mini� daughter in/of law miń� < miń� < miń� miń� x x x x x
moni many 127 moni? ? cf. PIE *mon(e)gh- x ? ?
muna egg, penis, testicle 23 muna < mun� < mun� muna x x x x x x
muu else, other 128 mu- mu x ? x x x
muura-in cloudberry mura < mur� < mur� mura ? x x
mykk� dumb ? m�kk� x ? x
myre-� ill-humoured; sour; gloomy m�r� x
myy-d� to sell, to give me/�xi < me/�xi < me/�xi mige < =PIE *h2mei(H)- x x x x x
my�- with (after, behind) m�ŋ� < m�ŋ�� miŋ�, m�ŋ� x x x ? x
nahke-a tacky ń�čkV�� ńačk3 x x x ? ?
nai-nen woman 63 n�xi < n�xi < n�xi naje? <= PIE *gwneh2- ? x x ? x x
nat-o sister-in-law (sister of husband) nativ < n�tiw < n�tiw nat3 x x x
nelj� four 1 ńelj� < ńelj�� ńelj� (nelj�) x x x x x x
niel-l� swallow ńeeli < ńeeli < ń�xli- ńele-, ńeele- x x x x x x ?
niini bast 86 ńiini�� n(�)ine x x
nila bast, inner bark, phloem ńila < ńil�� ńile x x ? x x ?
nimi name 9 nimi < nimi < nimi nime < PIE *(H)nmen- x x x x x x x
nit-o-a stitch, staple ńid(�)a / ńid(�)-� ńid(�)a (-�) x x
noita witch, sorcerer, seer, shaman nojta nojta x x
nolki phlegm, slime, slaver, saliva nolki < nolki� ńolke x x x
nou-taa retieve, collect, pick up, fetch ńox-ta < ńoxi < ńoxi x x x
nuol-la lick ńooli < ńooli < ń�x-(l�) ńole-, ńoole- x x x x x x x
nuoli arrow ńooli < ńooli < ń�xl� ńole, ńoole x x x x x x x
nurmi grass, green (n.) 146 ńurmi < ńurmi� ńurme x x
nyde, nyt-eh- prop n��� ? x ? ? ?
nyht�-� pluck, rip, harvest linen ń�kt� ń�kt� x x
nysi handle, grip n�di < n�di < n�di nide (n�de) x x x x x
n�h-d�, n�ke- see 71 n�ki < n�ki� n�ke- x x ? x
oiva excellent, full of insight, splendid ojva < ojw� < ojw� ojwa x ? x ? x
oksa branch oksa�� oksa x x ?
okse-ntaa vomit 135 oksi�� oksa (-e) x x x x ?
ol-la, ole- be voli < w/o-li- < w/o- wole x x x x x ?
olka shoulder volka < wolk�� wolka x ? x
oma own (see ol-la) oma < o-m� (< w/o-) oma x x x
onka-lo cavity, ravine voŋki < woŋki� woŋke x x ?
onki fish hook ? onki ? < PreGmc. *onk(')o- x
onsi cavity omti < omti� omte x x x x x
onte-lo cavity oŋti < oŋti� oŋte x x
ora thorn, prickle, awl ora < or�� ora PI-Ir *ārā�� x x x
orava sqirrel ora�� x x x x ?
orja slave (v)orja- < PI-A *ar�- 'alien (> host)' or PIE *uorǵ�- 'worker' ? x ?
orp-o orphan orpa < orp�� orpa (-s3) < PIA or PIr *arbha-s x x x x
osa part, share ośa < oś�� ?? < PI-A *anća- ? ? x
os-taa buy ? vosa < wo/�sa� wosa < PIE *uosā < *uoseh2 x x x x
ota spear oŋta < ?o/uŋt�� ? ?
ota-va weir; charles's wain, the big dipper, the plough voča < woc� < woc� woča x x x x x
otsa forehead onćća- ońća < Paleo-Gmc. *antjo- x x
ovi door ovi < owi < ? owe ? x x
paarma gadfly, horsefly parma parma x x
paj-u willow pajiv < p�jiw� paj3 x x x
pala (suu-) bit pala < p�l� < p�l� pala x x x x x
pala-a burn, freeze 123 pala < (p�ľ�)� paľa x x x x
palva-ta cure, smoke palva < p�lw�� x x
pan-na, pane- put, have sexual intercourse (m.) p�ni < p�ni < p�n� pane ? x ? x
para(s) best (< good) 156 p�ra�� para x x x x
paska shit pućka (paćka) pućka (paćka) x x x x x
pata pot pata < p�t�� pata ? x x x
pat-o barrage, dam pada < p�/�d�� pad3 x ? x
pel�t�, pel-k�- fear, be afraid 108 peli < peli < peli pele- or < PIE pelh1- x x x x x x
peni dog; pup, whelp 60 pen��� x x x x
per� rear per��� per� x x ? ? ?
pes-t�, pese- wash 168 pesi < Paleo-Gmc bhes- x x
pes� nest pes� < pes� < pes� pes� x x x x x x x
pet�-j� pine peč��� pe(n)č� x x x x
peuka-lo < *pelk�-lo thumb pelk�< pelk�< pexli-k� x x x
pies-t�, pieks- beat, flog; whisk; soften; mix 192 peks��� peks� x x ?
pieli frame, edging, sidepole, stake peeli < peeli < pexli ? x ? ? x x
piha court-yard pičča�� piča x x
pihla-ja rowan piśla�� pićla x x x ? ?
pihti gripper, tongs pi�ti�� pi�te x x x
pii spike, barb, tooth, spine; silicon? 30 piŋi < piŋi� piŋe x x x x x ?
pilvi cloud 157 pilvi < pilwi� pilwe (pilŋe) x x x x x x
pime-� dark pilmi-t� < pilmi-t� < pilmi-t� piľme x x
pinne, pinte- clamp, clip pint� < pint�� x x x
pire-� brisk, fresh, nimble piri pir3 x x
pis-t�� stick, fix, erect, put 198 pisi pise-t� x x
pite-(mpi) long-(er) 39 pidi < pidi < pidi pide x ? ? x x
pit�-� hold 135 pit� < pit�� pit� ? x ? ? ?
piv-o palm, hand, fist 91 piŋi < piŋi < piŋi piŋe x
poika boy poji < poji� pojka x x x x x
pol-ttaa burn, freeze pala-tta- paľa x x
polvi knee po(o)lvi < pooli < po/uxl� polwe x x x x
ponsi, ponte- grip, knob; pep, weight, vigour, sturdiness ponti�� ponte x x x
porsas (little) pig, piglet' porćas porśa- < Blt/Slv *parśas, PreIA *porśos or PIE *porḱos x x
poski chin poski < poski < pusk� poske ? x
potka shank ? počka < ponči-ka x x
povi bosom poŋi�� poŋe x x x x ?
puhde, puhte- dawn, daybreak; dusk, twilight pukta pukta x x
puhuu speak pu�a < pu��� pu�3 x ? ? ?
puna red (< 'hair; color') 77 puna < pu/�n�� puna x x x x ?
pun-o-o plait, twine, spin puna < pun� < pun�/� puna- < PIE pnH-e/o- ~*spenH- x x x x x x x
puna kink, twirl, twine puńi < puńi� puńa x ? x ?
puola (cow)berry pola < pol�� pola x x ?
pura borer, awl pura < pur� < pur� pura < PIE bhr(H)- ? ? x x x
pur-ra bite 171 puri < puri < pori pure x x x x x ?
purk-u whirling snow purki < purki� x ? x ? x ?
purn-u bin porńi porńe x ? x
puse-rtaa squeeze, press 199 puśa < puś�� puć3-r3- x x x ?
puske-a butt, bump, thrust puski < puski� puske x ? x
putki umbelliferous plant; tube, pipe pučki < pucki < puck� pućke x x x x
puu tree 104 puxi < puxi < pu/oxi, p�xi puwe x x x x x
pys-y-� remain pisi pise x x
pyy hazel-grouse p�ŋi < p�ŋi� piŋe (p�ŋe) x x x x ?
p�hkin� (hazel-) nut p�ki�� p�k3 x x x
p�iv� day 34 p�jv� < p�jw� < p�jw� x ? x
p�� head 95 p�ŋi < p�ŋi� p�ŋe x x x x ?
reht-o row, line; side; stratum ? re�tV < PreG *h2rh1-to-/-teh2-
rep-o fox rep��� rep� (-ć�) ? < PI-Ir� reupōśo x x x x ?
rita ? (irreg.) rita� ? (irregular corresp.) ? < gmc? ? x ?
rohto medical plant, green herb ro�tV < PreG *ghroH-tu-/-to-(n-)
r�pp�n� vent r�pp��� r�pp� x x
saa-da get, receive, aqcuire, achieve s�xi�� ? ? < Pre I-Ir *seģh- x x x x ?
saa-tta-a lead, escort; could, be able s�xi-kta sage-kta x x x
saivar? (irreg.) nit, egg of louse śajra/śir (irreg. corresp.) śaj8r3 cf. Turkish > Hungarian x x x x
sake-a dense, viscous, muddy s�kit��� x ? x
sala hidden, secret, occult, stealth sala < s�l� < s�l� sala x x x x x
salko long thin pole ś�lka < ś�lk�� s�lk3 ??< Late PIE *ģhalgha- x x x x ??
sammas, sampa(h)- statue, column (myth. upholding the firmament) sampa-s < PI-A *stambhas
sappi bile, gall s�pp� < s�pp�� s�pp� x x ? x x x
sarka parcel, lot; strip sarka < s�rk� < s�rk� x x
sarvi horn śorva < śorw�� śorwa < PI-A*śrva����� or������������ < Pir *śraw-/*ś�rw-�� x x x x x x
sata hundred śata / ś�ta < ś�t� / ś�t� śata < PI-Ir *ćata- / PIA śat�- x x x x x x
sata-a rain 155 śada < ś�d� < ś�d� < PIE *ḱad- 'fall' x x
sauva staff, stave, stick 193 savŋa sawŋa x x
sav-u smoke 40 savi sawe x x
seisoa stand 38 śanśa < ś�nś�� saŋća x x x x x
seitsem�-n seven śe(e)ś/ćVmi�� śeŋ�ćem� x x x x
selk� back (anatom.) 146 śelk� śelk� x x
sepp� blacksmith śepp� < śepp�� x x
sep� collar; neck 112 śep� < śep�� śep� x x x x x
set� uncle č/śeč� < cec� < cec� ćeč� x x x x x x
sieni mushroom, fungus ś�n� < śe/�n�� ś8ne x x x x
sii-(hirsi) eaves beam č/śiŋi śiŋe or ??< Balt *sija x ? ? ?
siili hedgehog śijili < śijili� śije-le x x x x
silm� eye 21 śilm� < śilm� < śilm� śilm� x x x x x x x
sisi-(lisko) lizard cinśi < conśi < conś� x x x x x
soi-da ring, clang, resound 165 śoji śoje x ? x ?
solki buckle; wedge of fabric śolk-(ama)� śolke < PIE *ḱolh2�- x x x x
solmu knot 76 śolmi < śolmi� ćolme x x x
sonsa-r?(irreg.) flea; louse ?ćonča < ?ćonča ćonča x x x
sora gravel ? ś/ćora < PIE *ḱoro- x
sormi finger sormi sorme x x ?
sota war (damn, conjure) śoda śota (-d(�)a) ? x x
sotka pochard, scaup śodka < śo/�dk/ďk�� śodka x x x x x
sou-ta-a (to) row suxi < suxi < suxi suge- ie < *suH-e (OInd. suv�ti, Gr. e�n) x x x x ? x
suka (horse)comb, bristle, prickle; (horse)hair (awn, husk, chaff, bran) śuka śuka < PI-Ir *śūka- x ? ? ?
suksi ski suksi < suksi < suks� sukse x x x
sula-a melt sula < sul�� sula- x x x x x
sum-u fog 82 sumi sume x x
suo-da allow, grant, hope suxi ie < *suH-e (OInd. suv�ti, Gr. e�n) x ?
suoja shelter, protection soja/saja�� < I-Ir sāya x ? x
suola salt 23 sala/sola�� <� Blt/slv. *sālas / *sal- x x
suoli intestine, gut 185 śola < śol�� śola < PIE *ḱolo- or PreIA *ćōlā- x x x x x
suol-ta-a? disentangle, sort, separate etc. ?ćelta, ?ćoolta ćelta, ćoolta x x
Suomi Finland (Finl. proper province) ?ćoma- ?< PIE *(dh)ģhmōn-
suom-u scale śoomi < ś��m�� śeme, śoome x ? x x x ?
suoni blood vessel, sinew sooni < s��n� < s�Hn�-� se,ne, sone < PIE *sHi-nu- x x x x x x ?
sur-ma slaying, killing, (violent) death 144 � śuri śure x
susi, su(n)te- wolf ? śunti- / *ćunti- < PreG/PIE *ḱun-to-
suu mouth 142 śuxi < śuxi < śoxi śuwe ? x ? x x x
suvi summer suŋi < suŋi < suŋ� suŋe x x x
syd�n heart 26 s�d�mi < ś�d�mi/śedmi� śi/�d�(-m3) x x x x x x ?
syks-y autumn ś�kśi < ś�kśi� sikśe (s�kśe) x x x x x x
syli lap, fathom s�li < s�li < s�li sile, s�le x x x x x x ?
sylki saliva 44 s�lki < ś�lk/ďki� śiľke, ś�ľke x x x x x
syn-t-y� to be born ? sen-t- ? < Early PIr. dzen(h)- x ?
sysi, syte- (char)coal ś�di < ś�di < ś�ďi śiďe, ś�ďe x x x x x
sys�-t� push, shove, impulse s�sk� s�sk� (-e) x x
syv� deep tiv� x ?
syy cause; fibre s�xi < s�xi < s�xi sije x x ?
syyl� wart, nipple ś�kl� < ś�kl�� x x x ?
sy�-d� eat 66 sevi < sewi� sewe- (sege-) < Early PIr *dziewie- x ? x x
s�k-i-� rookie, wels ś�k� < ś�k� ś�k� x x x
s�le lath ś�l� < ś�l�� ś�l� x x x ? x
s�l-y-tt�� load s�l� < s�l�� s�le ? x ? ?
s�nki stubble ś�ŋki < ś�ŋki� x ? x x x
s�rki roach� s�rk� s�rk� x x ?
s�yn-e ide (leuciscus idus) s�vni < s�wni� s�wn� x x x x
s�� weather s�ŋi < s�ŋi� ? x
s��ksi osprey� ś�kśi < ś�/e/�kśi� ś�kće x x x ?
s��ri leg ć�ji-ri ć�je-re x x
s��ski gnat, mosquito ś�śki ś�śke x x
taarna Carex, Cladium Mariscus tarna < PI-Ir, PIA or PIr *trn�- 'grass' x
tahko grindstone� ta�k-�� ta�k3 x x
talas (tal-o) scaffold (house, shed) tala < t�l�� < PI-A *tala-s 'base, platform' or Paleo-Gmc *stāla-s 'scaffold' or Gmc *stalla-z 'scaffold' or ?Baltic ? ?
talvi winter t�lv� < t�lw�� t�lw� x x x x x x
tammi oak toma toma x x ?
tau-o-ta, tauk- pause, cease t�wka�� x x
teh-d�, teke- do, make teki < teki < teki teke < PIE *dheh1- 'put, place, do, make' x x x x
ter� 'blade, cutter, cutting edge, knife' 86 ter� ter� ? x x ? x
tohti-a dare to�-ti to�te ie < dhrs- OInd dhrsnṓti x x
tora quarrel 191 tora < tor� < tor� tor3 x ? x ? x
tosi, tote- true, earnest; obey; ~> get accustomed to ? tomti- - < PIE *t'mħ-t�-
touko sowing, spring tovki < towki� towk3 ? ? x x
tuhma mean, dum ? tu�ma x x
tukka hair čukka x x ?
tul-la, tule- come 85 tuli < tuli < toli tule ? x ? ?
tuli fire 82 tuli < tuli < tul� tule x x x x x
tuma nucleus tuŋa tuŋa x x
tunke-a, tunke- push, cram, pack čuŋki x x x
tunke-a, tunke- push, cram, pack tuŋki < tuŋki� tuŋke x x ?
tuntea, tunte- feel tunti < tunti < tumt� tumte x x x x
tuo-da bring toxi < toxi� toge < PIE *deh3- x x x ? ?
tuomi bird-cherry ďoomi < ď��m� < ď�xm� ďeme, ďome, ďoome x x x x x x
turpa muzzle, mouth 30 turpa turpa x x x ?
tutka-in, (tutki-a) point, strobe; (examine) tuďka < tuďk�� tuďka ? x x ?
tuuli wind 30 tuuli� tuxli < PIE * dhuH-li x x
tym� glue ď�m� < ď�m� < ď�m� ďim�, ď�m� x x x ? ? x
tyt�r daughter t�tt�-re < baltic *dukter- x x
tyve-n c.f. syv� windstill tiv� < tiw�� tiw� x x ?
tyvi butt; base, botom t�ŋi < t�ŋi� tiŋe (t�ŋe) x x x
t�ht-e- pickings, remnant t�kt� < t�kt�� x ?
t�hti star; mark, sign 34 t�t� t�t� x x x
t�i louse 118 t�ji < t�ji� t�je x x x x x
t�vy lung t�viv < tewiw/t�wiw� t�we x x x
t�ysi full t�vd� < t�wd�� t�wde x x x
t�y-tt�� fill t�wi < t�wi� x x x
udar, utare- udder uta-ri utare < PIA *ū'dhar x x
ui-da swim 113 uji < uji < ux� uje- ~ oje- x x x x x x x
ulk-o; ula- out; reach ul-k- ulk3 x x
ulku pole, mast ulki < ulki < ul� ulke x x ? x x
uudin, uutime- bed curtain oodimi < oodimi� ud3-m3 x x
uuhi ewe uuči < uvi-či�� uče < PIE *h2oui-s 'sheep' x x x ?
uusi new 15 vuďi < wuďi� wuďe x x x x x
vaahtera maple vak�ta-ri/vak�ti-ri wak�t3re x x
vaaksa span vaksa waksa x x
vaara? hill 108 vara < w�r�� x x
vaihta-a (ex)change, swap, switch vaj-e�-ta waj3�-ta x x
vaimo wife (spirit, soul) 89 vajmi/vaima waim3 x x
vaj-o-ta sink, droop vaja < w�j�� waja x x x x
vala oath vala wala x x
valka-ma harbour, haven (pour, leak) v�lka < w�lk�� walka- x x x x x
valke-a white, bright 101 v�lkita < w�lki� x x x
vanha old 133 van�a�� wan�a x
varis crow var-? < war-? < war-? war3 x x ? ? x ? x
vasa calf vasa <vasa vasa <vasa < PIr (PreOssetic) *vasa x x
vasara hammer' < 'cult. battleax' ? vaśara ? < PreIr *vaźara x x
vaski copper; metal v�śk� < w�śk� < w�śk� waśke x x x x x x
vasta opposed, contra-, anti-; not until v�sta-/vasta-�� wasta x x x
vehn� wheat ve�n� we�n� x x ??
veitsi knife weŋći w�ŋć3 ? x
ven-e boat vene-�e wene-�e < PIA *wen-e/o- cf. OInd v�n- 'wood'� x x
ven-y-� stretch (out) wene wene x x
veri blood 132 veri < weri� wire x x x x x x
vesi water 47 veti < weti < weti wete < PIE *ued-(er/en-) x x x x x x
vet�� pull 184 vet� < wet�� vet� < PIE *uedh-e/o- x x x
vie-d� lead, carry, bring vixi < wixi� wige ? < PIE *ueǵʰ-e/o- x x x ? x
viha hatred, hostility ? vi�a < PI-A *dvis- x
viher-/viha green, grow; poison 79 vi�a�� < PI-A *vi�a x x x ?
viisi five, 5 1 vi/iitt/ti < wi/iitt/ti < wit/tti witte x x x x x x x
vino slanting, oblique, distorted vińa vińa x x
vitoo clean, pare, rub viča < wic�� x x ?
voi butter, grease vooji < wooji� woje > PIA *aǵya- / *āǵya x x x x x x
vuo stream, torrent, riverbed 144 uva < uw�� uŋa x x
vuol-la to chamfer, plane vooli�� wole (woole) x x x
vuori hill, mountain, hight 108 voori < woori� wẹre < PIA *aras- or *arah x ?
vuosi year 167 ooti�� ode (oode) < PIA *vatas- or *vatah x x ? ?
vy� belt �v� < �w� < �xji wiŋ� (w�ŋ�) x ? x x
v�ki force v�ki < w�ki� w�ke??? x x x ? x ?
v�vy son-in-law� v�ŋiv < w�ŋiw < we/�ŋiw w�ŋe ? x x ? x x x
ydin core, kernel, nucleus v�dimi < w�/�di/�mi� x x x x x x
yhdeks�n nine (numeral 9) ? �kt(-i-)teks�- < PIr *detsa- prefixed by �kti� '1'� (cf. yksi) x x x
yksi one (numeral 1) 12 �kti�� ikte (�kte) x x x x ? ?
yl�/yli upper, over; past, beyond; across �li < �li < �li wil�, w�l� x x x x x ?
y� night 19 �ji < �ji� eje x x x x x
�ij� old man �jj��� �je x x
�im� (big) needle, bodkin �jm� < �jm� < �jm� �jm� x x x x
��ni sound �ni < �ni �ne x x